There exist many illimitably important segments, which commonly work with radioactivity and radioactive materials. We speak about nuclear power engineering, industry, research, health care and number of others. It generally holds true that within nearly all human activities different kinds of waste originate. Specific feature of all the above mentioned activities connected with radioactivity is in the fact that within them radioactive waste (RAW) originates, i.e. waste contaminated with radionuclides. In comparison to waste of other kind, for example from classical power engineering, there is a relatively small amount of it relative to its volume. Disposal with radioactive waste follows strict rules and it is subject to inspection. If radioactive waste is exceptional by something, then it is the attention which is devoted to manipulation with it and its insulation. Care which is devoted to radioactive waste is an example for all other industries.

Distinguishing from other industrial waste, which is poisonous or forever dangerous in other way, radioactive waste gradually looses its dangerousness, since radionuclides contained in it change into non-active elements with characteristic half life.

There are many kinds of radioactive waste, they differ by form, degree of their dangerousness, and locality of their origin. Radioactive waste originates during uranium energy utilization in the course of whole fuel cycle from mining, ore treatment till operation of a nuclear power plant. But there is a relatively very small amount of it. Radioactive waste remains also after nuclear medicine - such a waste may be a discarded emitter from irradiation device by which cancer is cured, or remnant of radioactive medicament. Waste from scientific laboratory, where they work with radionuclides or emitter used in geology for investigation of rocks, can be radioactive. Utilization of radioactive materials is very variegated today and it ranges from industry through agriculture to, for example, archaeology or crime investigation. We are able to care safely of all waste, which will originate from these activities. When processing waste, three main principles are important: to decrease amount of waste by reduction of its volume, to create a safe form appropriate for its storage by fixation, and to assure sufficient barriers against escape of radioactivity to the environment during the period of its storage. All radioactive materials are thoroughly collected, watched and they are monitored and inspected all the time of work with them.